I greatly enjoyed Lisa See's last novel, The Tea Girl of Hummingbird Lane, and had looked forward to reading her latest one about the female deep sea divers on the Korean island of Jeju. I was not disappointed.
Much as she did with the previous novel where she gave us a window on the lives of the Akha hill tribe and the tea trade in Yunnan province through the relationship of a mother and daughter, in this book, we get to know the society of the haenyeo (women divers) through the lives of two girls who become friends and who are meant to be lifelong friends. Something happens along the way to sunder that friendship but the lives of the two remain connected in unbreakable ways.
The time period covered by this historical novel is one of great violence and upheaval in Korea and on Jeju. It begins in the late 1930s when Jeju is under Japanese control. It is a brutal occupation and the people of Jeju suffer greatly. Then comes World War II. At the end of the war, the island comes under American control, but that control could hardly be called benevolent. There is civil unrest as warring factions fight for control and atrocities are visited on the population, while the Americans essentially take a hands-off approach. Then comes the Korean War. Through it all, privation is the norm for the island's people, but through it all, they somehow manage to survive and the divers keep diving. The novel takes us all the way forward to 2008 and a new era of diving when the haenyeo use wetsuits and modern equipment.
We learn that the haenyeo society of the island is matrifocal. The women do the hard and dangerous work of diving and bring home the money, while the men stay home and take care of the children and the house, do the cooking and cleaning. The women also grow gardens to supplement the family diet, their main crop being sweet potatoes.
Young-sook is a young girl when we meet her in the 1930s. She is the daughter of the respected head of a group of haenyeo divers and she is eager to begin her own career as a diver. Mi-ja is of the same age but from a very different background. She had lived with her father in Jeju City, a more urban setting. Her mother was dead. Her father was reviled as a Japanese collaborator. Then she lost her father too and was forced to come and live with an uncle and aunt in the village. These people treated her horribly and she never had enough to eat. One day as she was scrounging for food, she came in contact with Young-sook and her mother. The mother was aware of her background and took pity on the child, giving her menial tasks for which she would pay her in food. Thus, Young-sook and Mi-ja were thrown together and they became bonded in friendship.
Both the girls were trained as divers and began going out with the women. In time, they even went to other locations on "leaving-home water-work," aka contract diving jobs, in places like China, Japan, and finally Vladivostok. When the time came for them to marry, their families arranged marriages for them. Mi-ja's marriage was to a handsome young man whom Young-sook had a crush on. This was the beginning of their estrangement. Young-sook's marriage was to a local teacher, a man she had known since childhood, and though she was at first disappointed, she quickly learned to love her husband and they had a very successful marriage. Mi-ja, not so much.
The story is told through these two families, from Young-sook's point of view, and it seems at times like a litany of constant tragedies. But through it all, there is the sea and the Young-sook's love and respect for that dangerous environment.
“The sea is better than a mother. You can love your mother, and she still might leave you. You can love or hate the sea, but it will always be there. Forever. The sea has been the center of her life. It has nurtured her and stolen from her, but it has never left.”
The world events that are the background to this story are so momentous and traumatic that it sometimes seems that the focus on the friendship is not large enough to contain them. Historical fiction, of course, almost by its nature has a political aspect to it and the politics of the period covered here are still reverberating on the Korean peninsula. But the lives of Young-sook and Mi-ja at least give us an appreciation for what the people of this region have endured and perhaps allow us to understand a little better what is happening there today.
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
In her latest book, Lisa See has given us a portrait of the Akha people, one of the minority hill tribes of China. The Akha live in the mountains of Yunnan province and, traditionally, their lives are ruled by ritual and superstition. And tea. Their lands are home to ancient tea trees that produce leaves that are greatly valued by tea nerds and connoisseurs and the Akhas' lives revolve around the growing, harvesting, and production of those tea leaves.
The story of the Akha is told through the life of one of the daughters of the tribe, Li-yan. We meet Li-yan as a child living with her extended family of parents, brothers, sisters-in-law, nieces and nephews, all of whom are involved in the production of tea. Li-yan's mother is one of the most important members of their community because she is a respected healer and midwife. Li-yan is expected to follow in her footsteps.
When she is twelve, Li-yan meets a boy named San-pa and is immediately infatuated with him. She falls in love and when she later sees him as a sixteen year old, she begins "stealing love" with him in the Akha terminology or, as we would say, having sex.
Soon the inevitable happens. Li-yan is pregnant, but her family has previously rejected San-pa's proposal of marriage because the two have incompatible birth days and San-pa is an undesirable partner for her. He subsequently left Yunnan, headed to Thailand to try to make his fortune so that they can marry. He did not know that Li-yan was already pregnant.
Part of the belief system of the Akha involves the concept of "human rejects." These are infants that are born in less than optimal circumstances, who would thus require extra care and resources of the tribe. Such babies are to be smothered at birth.
We are provided with a heartbreaking example of this early in the book when one of the village women has twins. The ritual requires that they be smothered by their father and then their bodies wrapped and taken into the forest and burned. The next day, both mother and father are banished from the village and must make their way alone in the world. Li-yan assisted her mother, the midwife, at this birth and witnessed the killing of the children.
When she became pregnant, she realized that her baby would be a "human reject" because it had no father, but she and her mother manage to hide her pregnancy. When the time comes for her to be delivered of the child, they go to a secret grove of tea and camphor trees. The mother/midwife fully intends to smother the child according to ritual, but when she is born, Li-yan picks her up and cradles her to her breast and a new plan is hatched.
They pack the child in a basket and Li-yan heads out with her on a perilous trek through the forest to the nearest city where she will leave her at the door of an orphanage. In the blanket in which the baby is swaddled, her grandmother tucks a tea cake, a cake of pressed tea leaves wrapped in paper with the outline of the mountains of her birthplace drawn on it. This memento will stay with her, even after she is adopted by a couple in California and becomes a fortunate child named Haley. Eventually, the tea cake will lead her back to the mountains of her birth.
Meanwhile, her mother, Li-yan receives help from a teacher to pursue a higher education, the first from her tribe to do so. She ultimately becomes a tea trader and her prosperity helps to raise the fortunes of her entire tribe.
This was a fascinating story, told compellingly. There is so much information here about the superstitions of the Akha, the tea industry, concurrent Chinese history, including the Cultural Revolution and the one child policy, and the evolving of China, as well as the Akha, into a market economy that it could have become completely overwhelming, but See manages to feed it to her readers in reasonable portions. That being said, I did feel that the story dragged a bit from the middle toward the end, and there was an awful lot of fortuitous coincidence involved in the resolution of the tale. Still, it was a resolution devoutly to be wished, so why quibble? There's nothing wrong with an occasional uncomplicated happy ending!
My rating: 4 of 5 stars
